Chapitre 1

Grammar review 1: present and past tenses

Cours

To speak and write correctly at work, you need the main tenses (temps). This chapter reviews the present and the past. (Les explications sont en anglais ; quelques mots-clés sont traduits entre parenthèses.)

I. Present simple and present continuous

TenseFormUseExample
Present simpleI work / he works ; do you work? ; he does not (doesn't) workFacts, habits, routines, timetables, states (like, know, want)The office opens at 8.30. She usually checks her e-mails first.
Present continuousam / is / are + verb-ingActions happening now ; temporary situations ; future arrangementsI'm writing a report at the moment. We're meeting the client on Friday.

Signal words: always, usually, often, every day (simple) ; now, at the moment, today, this week (continuous).

II. Past simple and past continuous

TenseFormUseExample
Past simpleverb-ed or irregular form (went, wrote, sent) ; did you…? ; didn't + verbFinished actions at a known time in the pastWe sent the invoice yesterday. He didn't attend the meeting.
Past continuouswas / were + verb-ingAn action in progress in the past, often interruptedI was typing a letter when the phone rang.

© TSC COMMERCE – OTHMAN ZT · Cours protégé, reproduction interdite

III. Present perfect and past perfect

TenseFormUseExample
Present perfecthave / has + past participlePast action with a result now ; experience ; unfinished period (this year, since, for, yet, already, just)I have already booked the hotel. Have you received our offer yet?
Present perfect continuoushave / has been + verb-ingAn action that started in the past and is still going onShe has been working here for five years.
Past perfecthad + past participleAn action before another past actionWhen I arrived, the meeting had already started.
Past simple or present perfect?

Past simple with a finished time (yesterday, last week, in 2023, ago) ; present perfect without a finished time (ever, never, yet, already, since, for). « I sent it yesterday » but « I have just sent it ».

IV. Useful irregular verbs

BasePastPast participleFrançais
bewas / werebeenêtre
buyboughtboughtacheter
givegavegivendonner
gowentgonealler
makemademadefaire, fabriquer
meetmetmetrencontrer
paypaidpaidpayer
sendsentsentenvoyer
sellsoldsoldvendre
taketooktakenprendre
writewrotewrittenécrire
Key points
  • Present simple for habits and facts ; present continuous for now and arrangements.
  • Past simple for finished time ; present perfect for a link with now ; past perfect for « before another past action ».

© TSC COMMERCE – OTHMAN ZT · Cours protégé, reproduction interdite

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Chapitre suivantChapitre 2 : Grammar review 2: future, conditionals, passive and reported speech